In the internal structure of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), the substrate is one of the most critical components. It supports the semiconductor die and serves as the core channel for heat transfer. A high-quality substrate can improve the performance and lifespan of the cooler, while an inappropriate substrate selection may reduce the cooling efficiency of the entire TEC system. This article will guide you through the characteristics and applicable scenarios of different types of substrates.   I. DBC Substrate: Balancing Cost, Performance, and Process DBC substrates utilize direct copper-clad ceramic technology, which involves firmly sintering copper foil with a ceramic substrate (such as alumina, Al₂O₃) at high temperatures, resulting in excellent thermal conductivity, insulation, and structural stability. Due to its mature technology and moderate co...

"70% of a wine's quality depends on brewing, 30% on storage." If a bottle of fine wine is stored in an environment subject to large temperature fluctuations, unstable humidity, or frequent vibrations, its flavor will deteriorate in just a few months—fruit aromas fade, tannins become harsh, acidity becomes unbalanced, and even "oxidized" or "musty" notes develop. Therefore, professional wine storage is no longer simply about keeping it in a cool place; it demands stringent temperature, humidity, and spatial stability. For this reason, wine cabinets have become a standard feature in private collections, high-end residences, hotels, and even wine specialty stores. They are no longer simply "cups for storing wine" but rather miniature wine cellars that integrate temperature and humidity control, along with intelligent technology. 1. Traditional compressor wine cabinet: compre...

Aquarium breeding is a "science of temperature". Whether it is ornamental fish, Marine corals, or crystal shrimp that are extremely sensitive to the environment, the stability of water temperature often directly determines their health and survival rate. Generally speaking, the ideal fluctuation range of water temperature is within ±1℃. However, in the hot summer, the room temperature often exceeds 30℃. Small aquariums (under 60L) are more susceptible to the influence of environmental temperature due to their small water body and fast heat dissipation. Therefore, we need to stabilize the water temperature through a stable and reliable refrigeration solution to ensure the healthy growth of fish and shrimp. The traditional solution mostly adopts compressor refrigeration, which is strong in cooling and high in efficiency, and is suitable for large aquariums. However, for ...

CECWhen it comes to ice makers, many people often think of large commercial units that rumble at the flick of a switch. However, there's a smaller ice maker on the market that's more suited to personal and family needs: the TEC ice maker. Using thermoelectric cooler instead of traditional compressors, it's not only compact and portable, but also quiet, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly, providing a user experience more aligned with everyday needs. Today, let's take a closer look at the working principles, advantages, and practical applications of semiconductor ice makers.   Traditional ice maker vs TEC ice maker Traditional ice maker: compressor refrigeration Traditional large-scale ice machines utilize compressor refrigeration technology. Their operating principle is to circulate refrigerant between the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evapo...

In electronic device manufacturing, the choice of conductors directly impacts product performance, safety, and reliability. Whether in precision instruments or household appliances, conductors play a crucial role in power transmission and signal connectivity. So, how do you choose the right conductor when customizing thermoelectric coolers? This article will introduce you to five major types of wire: bare wire, PTFE wire, FEP wire, PVC wire, and silicone wire.   1. Tinned copper wire: high conductivity and oxidation resistance Tinned copper wire is a conductor made by plating a layer of tin metal on the surface of a high-purity copper conductor. It combines the excellent conductivity of copper with the antioxidant advantages of tin. Its main core advantages are as follows: ① Strong conductivity: The copper core provides extremely low resistiv...

Every pet owner worries about their furry friends after being away for a few days. Especially in the summer, with temperatures nearing 40 degrees Celsius, food can easily spoil, become smelly, and infested with insects. To ensure fresh and healthy food for pets left alone at home, a new thermoelectric cooling technology, the TEC Smart Feeder, has emerged.   1. Working principle of TEC smart feeder   The TEC Smart Feeder's ability to keep food fresh, like a small refrigerator, relies on semiconductor refrigeration technology. When powered on, the fins create cooling on one end and dissipate heat on the other. The cold end, attached to the bottom or side of the grain bin, cools the grain, while the hot end uses a fan to dissipate heat, maintaining a stable temperature of around 4–15°C in the storage area. This effectively creates a small, con...

1. Working principle of multi-stage thermoelectric cooler When using single-stage thermoelectric coolers to control the temperature of equipment, we sometimes find that the cooling effect is less than ideal. This is especially true for applications with high cooling requirements, such as infrared detectors and deep-sea sensors (which require temperatures below -100°C to function properly). Single-stage coolers are no longer sufficient, and multi-stage coolers are needed for deep cooling. Let's first review the working principle of a single-stage semiconductor cooler: When the cooler is energized, current flows through the semiconductor material, creating a temperature differential at the contact point. One side absorbs heat (the cold end) and the other side releases heat (the hot end), achieving the desired cooling effect. The multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration pla...

In the summer, we often experience this: turning on the fan at night can cause headaches and leg soreness, while running the air conditioner all night makes things too dry. Is there a more gentle and comfortable way to cool down? Today, let's explore a new summer cooling option that's cooler than a fan and more hydrating than air conditioning: a semiconductor water-cooled mattress.   1. Working principle of semiconductor water-cooled mattress The working principle of the semiconductor water-cooled mattress is mainly based on the Peltier Effect. In addition, it is combined with a water circulation system and temperature sensors to ultimately achieve efficient and uniform temperature regulation. 1. Semiconductor refrigeration chip achieves efficient cooling The transelectric cooler (TEC) is the core component of a semiconductor water-cooled mattress. When the mattress is...

In summer, even at 40°C (111°F), if you park your car outdoors for just one hour, the seat temperature will quickly rise to over 60°C (111°F), making it incredibly hot to sit in. Even turning on the air conditioner beforehand can hardly bring the temperature down quickly. To enhance the driving experience, FerroTec has integrated thermoelectric  cooling technology (TEC) into car seats. This precise temperature control technology automatically adjusts the seat temperature, allowing drivers and passengers to park freely even on 40°C (111°F) days.   Popularization of TEC hot and cold seats in the automotive field   In the European and American markets, CCS-equipped seats (TEC hot and cold seats) are widely used in high-end models priced over 300,000 yuan - traditional automakers such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Land Ro...

1. What is a TEC cooling module? The TEC cooling module is a solid-state refrigeration device whose core component is a semiconductor refrigeration element (TEC). The working principle of the cooling module is based on the Peltier effect: through direct current drive, heat is transferred from the cold end to the hot end, achieving a cooling effect. TEC refrigeration modules usually consist of the following three parts: Cold surface contact parts: direct contact with temperature control object Semiconductor Refrigeration Chip: Core Refrigeration Component Hot surface contact components: responsible for system heat dissipation   2. Commonly used refrigeration module series TEC cooling modules are categorized into various series, including DA, DN, AA, NN, DL, AL, DD, NA, and LL, depending on the contact method between th...