Optical module is the core component of photoelectric signal conversion in optical fiber communication system, among which the performance of key components such as laser diode (LD) and photodetector is directly related to temperature, temperature change will cause wavelength drift of laser, resulting in signal distortion, optical power reduction, noise increase, device life shortening and a series of problems. In severe cases, the laser may fail due to excessive temperature. The placement of the TEC module solves this problem by transferring heat from one side of the heating element to the other side through the Peltier effect, ensuring the accuracy of the laser wavelength and the high sensitivity of the optical communication signal, and greatly improving the wavelength stability and service life of the laser.

TEC has now become an indispensable built-in module in the medical industry, and it is required for medical equipment such as biological sample analysis equipment, cold compresses, and refrigerated containers. The following is a typical industry application case: the application of TEC in PCR instruments. Its working principle includes three processes of high temperature denaturation, annealing and extension replication: Double-stranded DNA was denatured at 90-95℃ under certain environmental conditions to form a single strand, then annealed and cooled to 55-60℃, initially combined under the action of primers and other cofactors, rapidly heated to 70-75℃, and finally synthesized under the catalysis of related enzymes to complete the amplification cycle. TEC's advantages of precise temperature control, rapid rise and fall, small size and stability make it the best choice for PCR instruments to achieve these temperature cycles.

With the gradual improvement of consumption level, major manufacturers have developed many different types of new electronic equipment according to market demand. For these electronic products, in addition to external impact and other unexpected factors, too high temperature will also have a huge impact on its operating life, energy efficiency, and performance stability. According to statistics, product failures caused by excessive temperature account for more than 50% of all failure causes, far exceeding vibration, dust, humidity and other influencing factors. Therefore, TEC's advantages of small size, fast response and accurate temperature control make it an important part of the thermal management of electronic products. At present, TEC has been widely used in a series of consumer electronics products such as car refrigerators, beauty instruments, mobile phone back clips, handheld/neck fans, wine cabinets, and some wearable devices, meeting the needs of modern users for high performance, miniaturization, low noise and low energy consumption.

In recent years, the intelligent and low-carbon development of the automotive industry has been rapid, and the application of TEC technology in the automotive industry has gradually become a concerned innovation direction. It plays an increasingly important role in the comfort, energy saving and intelligent development of automobiles. For example, TEC can be used in vehicle refrigerators, vehicle hot and cold cups and other equipment to provide users with the convenience of refrigeration/heat preservation of food. For example, the application of TED in the car seat temperature control system is also very prominent, and the efficient cooling effect ensures the comfort of passengers. The popularity of autonomous driving technology has created more application scenarios for TEC, such as using it in sensing devices such as lidar and cameras. In general, the introduction of TEC technology not only improves the riding comfort and intelligence level of the car, but also helps the automotive industry to develop in the direction of low-carbon environmental protection.

The principle of thermal power generation is based on the Seebeck effect. Between two different materials, when one end is heated and the other end is kept at a lower temperature, the heat energy pushes the electrons to move, creating an electric potential difference, which creates an electric current. Through the rational design of temperature difference power generation system, industrial waste heat, automobile exhaust, human body heat and other energy into electricity. The important advantage of thermoelectric power generation is that it can directly use the heat source to generate electricity. For example, waste heat recovery technology is a typical application of thermal power generation. In addition, temperature difference power generation also shows great application potential in remote sensing, space exploration and other fields. NASA probes have used thermoelectric devices to provide power for deep space probes. With the continuous breakthrough of materials science, the application range of temperature difference power generation will continue to expand in the future, especially in the fields of smart devices, drones, wearable devices, etc., to provide stable and sustainable power support for equipment.

TEC is an important tool for detector performance optimization. For example, infrared detectors are very sensitive to temperature changes, and ambient thermal noise can affect signal quality. TEC can significantly increase detection sensitivity by maintaining a stable low temperature operating environment, reducing noise levels. In addition, optical detectors and high-energy physics and radiation detection also benefit from TEC's temperature control capabilities. When a CCD or CMOS sensor is in operation for a long time, heat accumulation can cause image quality to decline. The TEC module provides efficient heat dissipation and allows the sensor to operate within the optimal temperature range, thus improving image clarity. The TEC module functions mentioned above have an irreplaceable role in the fields of microscopic imaging, astrophotography and high-end industrial inspection.